A huge haul this month, so much so that I’ve had to be a bit more selective than usual. Most of it is once again in biology.

• Most of us know that epigenetic inheritance isn’t a thing and that genes are passed down to the next generation. This article talks about how this isn’t necessarily the case and how fathers may pass down information that isn’t encoded in DNA to offspring through a mechanism that makes use of small RNA. The small DNAs appear to influenced by the state of the father’s health and has the ability to conceal genetic information from the cellular machinery, effectively cancelling out some genes.
• Next we have one about how what we see is distorted by what we expect. This isn’t exactly news these days but it’s a pretty cool experiment that demonstrates how people naturally expect goal-directed, efficient actions and interpret what they see based on those assumptions even when that this is not what they actually saw.
• A lighter bit of news is this paper about measuring how much cows value access to a grooming brush. The brush in question was an automatically rotating brush and the researchers mounted it in an area that required the cows to push against an obstacle to access the area. By altering the energy needed for the push, they found that the cows were willing to work about as hard to get to brush as to a supply of feed. But they were not willing to push to get to an empty enclosure.
• Probably one of the more important papers this month is about how personality affects salaries. This particular study is based on school data from California and covers only the smartest students. Using the standard Big Five measure of personality, it found that high conscientiousness and extraversion are correlated with much higher lifetime earnings while high agreeableness are negatively correlated with earnings.
• I like this simple story about an NGO working on providing reading glasses to people in poor countries. It’s absolutely trivial, basic stuff but it’s a good example of how much of a difference such work on the ground makes.
• Studies about the benefits or harm of different types of foods always seem to swing back and forth so this is likely just another data point to add to the pile. This one is about alcohol and it posits that there is no health level of alcohol consumption. The study found that although there are some benefits from low levels of consumption particularly in protecting against heart disease, these are still more than outweighed by health risks such as its role in causing cancers.
• Finally just to have a bit of variety, here’s a bit of news on the materials science front. The claim is that they’ve made the most wear-resistant metal in the world made out of a platinum-gold alloy which sounds incredibly expensive to make. To me, the interesting bit is how it works. When being worn down, the material generated a black film on its surface that has the effect of acting as a lubricant, protecting it from further erosion. The engineers identified it as a diamond-like carbon, so in a sense this metal generates diamonds when you rub it hard enough.