Decent mix of stuff though all in the life sciences.

• Easily the most exciting of the lot is the discovery of a new class of programmable DNA modifying systems. In this blog, I have talked many times about CRISPR and how it is a game-changer in enabling easy DNA editing but it is always better to have more than one tool in your toolbox. The acronym for this one is OMEGA, standing for Obligate Mobile Element Guided Activity. This is an RNA-guided DNA-cutting enzyme that originated in bacteria is only about one third the size of the Cas9 protein, which should help make it even more useful. Needless to say this is early days yet and we have no way of knowing if this will eventually be deployed but it is exciting news.
• One bit of news that has been all over the net this month is this paper about how quickly some elephants in Mozambique have evolved to lose their tusks as a response to poaching. The elephant population declined by 90% at the height of poaching activity but as the population recovered, more elephants are born tuskless. All of them however are female as the gene responsible for the change is lethal when expressed in male elephants but females can survive the mutation if they receive a non-mutated version of the gene in one of their two X chromosomes. Of interest is how quickly tusklessness increased during the Civil War that enabled widespread poaching and also now that the situation has stabilized female elephants are regaining their tusks as they are after all a useful tool.
• The next bit of news shouldn’t be much of a surprise but I think it makes for an interesting wake up call. It’s about a survey of wildlife, specifically wild boars and rat snakes, in the Fukushima Exclusion Zone which found no significant adverse health effects in the wildlife despite the exposure of varying levels of relatively low-dose radiation exposure. The team suggests that perhaps people shouldn’t be too fearful of moving back into the area but it goes without saying that health standards for humans and wildlife are very different, and rightly so. To me, this shows as in Chernobyl, that the wildlife is able to bounce back quite well following environmental disasters as the benefits from the simple absence of humans outweigh the adverse effects of the pollution.
• Finally, and I think this bit will resonate with quite a few people as we have all had to sit through the sales pitch at opticians’ shops, we have a paper about a randomized controlled trial that aims to determine how helpful blue-blocking lenses really are. This is a straightforward and simple experiment involving participants wearing glasses who were all led to believe that they were using such lenses and assigned to various computer tasks. Afterwards they tried to measure the eye strain experienced by the participants and found no significant difference between those actually using the blue-blocking lenses and those who weren’t. One possible objection is that the period of time under study, two hours of computer use, is relatively short but this isn’t the first time that objections have been raised that these lenses are an expensive add-on of doubtful benefit.